diff --git a/aurweb/models/package_group.py b/aurweb/models/package_group.py
index 8a32c00b..c155fe00 100644
--- a/aurweb/models/package_group.py
+++ b/aurweb/models/package_group.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from sqlalchemy.orm import mapper
+from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
 
 from aurweb.db import make_relationship
 from aurweb.models.group import Group
@@ -9,7 +10,18 @@ from aurweb.schema import PackageGroups
 class PackageGroup:
     def __init__(self, Package: Package = None, Group: Group = None):
         self.Package = Package
+        if not self.Package:
+            raise IntegrityError(
+                statement="Primary key PackageID cannot be null.",
+                orig="PackageGroups.PackageID",
+                params=("NULL"))
+
         self.Group = Group
+        if not self.Group:
+            raise IntegrityError(
+                statement="Primary key GroupID cannot be null.",
+                orig="PackageGroups.GroupID",
+                params=("NULL"))
 
 
 properties = {
diff --git a/aurweb/models/package_keyword.py b/aurweb/models/package_keyword.py
index 87d97558..4a66f38e 100644
--- a/aurweb/models/package_keyword.py
+++ b/aurweb/models/package_keyword.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from sqlalchemy.orm import mapper
+from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
 
 from aurweb.db import make_relationship
 from aurweb.models.package_base import PackageBase
@@ -10,6 +11,12 @@ class PackageKeyword:
                  PackageBase: PackageBase = None,
                  Keyword: str = None):
         self.PackageBase = PackageBase
+        if not self.PackageBase:
+            raise IntegrityError(
+                statement="Primary key PackageBaseID cannot be null.",
+                orig="PackageKeywords.PackageBaseID",
+                params=("NULL"))
+
         self.Keyword = Keyword
 
 
diff --git a/aurweb/models/package_license.py b/aurweb/models/package_license.py
index 187b113e..6f23f84a 100644
--- a/aurweb/models/package_license.py
+++ b/aurweb/models/package_license.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from sqlalchemy.orm import mapper
+from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
 
 from aurweb.db import make_relationship
 from aurweb.models.license import License
@@ -9,7 +10,18 @@ from aurweb.schema import PackageLicenses
 class PackageLicense:
     def __init__(self, Package: Package = None, License: License = None):
         self.Package = Package
+        if not self.Package:
+            raise IntegrityError(
+                statement="Primary key PackageID cannot be null.",
+                orig="PackageLicenses.PackageID",
+                params=("NULL"))
+
         self.License = License
+        if not self.License:
+            raise IntegrityError(
+                statement="Primary key LicenseID cannot be null.",
+                orig="PackageLicenses.LicenseID",
+                params=("NULL"))
 
 
 properties = {
@@ -21,6 +33,8 @@ properties = {
                                  PackageLicenses.c.LicenseID,
                                  "package_license",
                                  uselist=False)
+
+
 }
 
 mapper(PackageLicense, PackageLicenses, properties=properties,
diff --git a/aurweb/schema.py b/aurweb/schema.py
index 0d40e272..fa8923a3 100644
--- a/aurweb/schema.py
+++ b/aurweb/schema.py
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ PackageBases = Table(
 # Keywords of package bases
 PackageKeywords = Table(
     'PackageKeywords', metadata,
-    Column('PackageBaseID', ForeignKey('PackageBases.ID', ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True, nullable=False),
+    Column('PackageBaseID', ForeignKey('PackageBases.ID', ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True, nullable=True),
     Column('Keyword', String(255), primary_key=True, nullable=False, server_default=text("''")),
     mysql_engine='InnoDB',
     mysql_charset='utf8mb4',
@@ -170,8 +170,8 @@ Licenses = Table(
 # Information about package-license-relations
 PackageLicenses = Table(
     'PackageLicenses', metadata,
-    Column('PackageID', ForeignKey('Packages.ID', ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True, nullable=False),
-    Column('LicenseID', ForeignKey('Licenses.ID', ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True, nullable=False),
+    Column('PackageID', ForeignKey('Packages.ID', ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True, nullable=True),
+    Column('LicenseID', ForeignKey('Licenses.ID', ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True, nullable=True),
     mysql_engine='InnoDB',
 )
 
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ Groups = Table(
 # Information about package-group-relations
 PackageGroups = Table(
     'PackageGroups', metadata,
-    Column('PackageID', ForeignKey('Packages.ID', ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True, nullable=False),
-    Column('GroupID', ForeignKey('Groups.ID', ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True, nullable=False),
+    Column('PackageID', ForeignKey('Packages.ID', ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True, nullable=True),
+    Column('GroupID', ForeignKey('Groups.ID', ondelete='CASCADE'), primary_key=True, nullable=True),
     mysql_engine='InnoDB',
 )
 
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ AcceptedTerms = Table(
 # Rate limits for API
 ApiRateLimit = Table(
     'ApiRateLimit', metadata,
-    Column('IP', String(45), primary_key=True),
+    Column('IP', String(45), primary_key=True, unique=True, default=str()),
     Column('Requests', INTEGER(11), nullable=False),
     Column('WindowStart', BIGINT(20), nullable=False),
     Index('ApiRateLimitWindowStart', 'WindowStart'),
diff --git a/test/test_api_rate_limit.py b/test/test_api_rate_limit.py
index 91ab5854..c599ddcf 100644
--- a/test/test_api_rate_limit.py
+++ b/test/test_api_rate_limit.py
@@ -19,11 +19,9 @@ def test_api_rate_key_creation():
     assert rate.WindowStart == 1
 
 
-def test_api_rate_key_null_ip_raises_exception():
-    from aurweb.db import session
-    with pytest.raises(IntegrityError):
-        create(ApiRateLimit, Requests=10, WindowStart=1)
-    session.rollback()
+def test_api_rate_key_ip_default():
+    api_rate_limit = create(ApiRateLimit, Requests=10, WindowStart=1)
+    assert api_rate_limit.IP == str()
 
 
 def test_api_rate_key_null_requests_raises_exception():