From c11fee4ce3028689109579916aa26f985ecda281 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Daniel=20Ekl=C3=B6f?= <daniel@ekloef.se>
Date: Sun, 22 Sep 2019 01:56:58 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] cairo: replace cairo with pixman in decos, particles and
 modules

All decoration, particle and module interfaces now takes a
pixman_image_t parameter, and all drawing is done using pixman APIs.

The wayland/xcb backends implement a new interface functions,
get_pixman_image(), that should return a pixman image instance that is
suitable for rendering.

In the wayland backend, the image uses the same backing data as the
cairo surface.

In the XCB backend, we create a new image each time, and then blit it
to the cairo surface at commit time.
---
 bar/backend.h            |  3 ++-
 bar/bar.c                | 45 +++++++++++++----------------------
 bar/bar.h                |  4 ++--
 bar/private.h            |  4 ++--
 bar/wayland.c            | 24 +++++++++++++++++--
 bar/xcb.c                | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 config.c                 | 40 +++++++++++++++----------------
 config.h                 |  4 ++--
 decoration.h             |  4 ++--
 decorations/background.c | 14 +++++------
 decorations/meson.build  |  2 +-
 decorations/stack.c      |  4 ++--
 decorations/underline.c  | 13 +++++-----
 modules/meson.build      |  2 +-
 particle.c               |  6 ++---
 particle.h               | 10 ++++----
 particles/dynlist.c      |  4 ++--
 particles/empty.c        |  4 ++--
 particles/list.c         |  6 ++---
 particles/map.c          |  6 ++---
 particles/meson.build    |  2 +-
 particles/progress-bar.c |  6 ++---
 particles/ramp.c         |  6 ++---
 particles/string.c       | 39 +++---------------------------
 24 files changed, 162 insertions(+), 141 deletions(-)

diff --git a/bar/backend.h b/bar/backend.h
index c07e069..782bb98 100644
--- a/bar/backend.h
+++ b/bar/backend.h
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ struct backend {
                  void (*expose)(const struct bar *bar),
                  void (*on_mouse)(struct bar *bar, enum mouse_event event,
                                   int x, int y));
-    void (*commit_surface)(const struct bar *bar);
+    pixman_image_t *(*get_pixman_image)(const struct bar *bar);
+    void (*commit_pixman)(const struct bar *bar, pixman_image_t *pix);
     void (*refresh)(const struct bar *bar);
     void (*set_cursor)(struct bar *bar, const char *cursor);
 };
diff --git a/bar/bar.c b/bar/bar.c
index df74d7d..be048a3 100644
--- a/bar/bar.c
+++ b/bar/bar.c
@@ -61,33 +61,21 @@ static void
 expose(const struct bar *_bar)
 {
     const struct private *bar = _bar->private;
+    pixman_image_t *pix = bar->backend.iface->get_pixman_image(_bar);
 
-    double r, g, b, a;
-    r = bar->background.red;
-    g = bar->background.green;
-    b = bar->background.blue;
-    a = bar->background.alpha;
-
-    cairo_set_source_rgba(bar->cairo, r, g, b, a);
-    cairo_set_operator(bar->cairo, CAIRO_OPERATOR_SOURCE);
-    cairo_paint(bar->cairo);
+    pixman_image_fill_rectangles(
+        PIXMAN_OP_SRC, pix, &bar->background, 1,
+        &(pixman_rectangle16_t){0, 0, bar->width, bar->height_with_border});
 
     if (bar->border.width > 0) {
-        r = bar->border.color.red;
-        g = bar->border.color.green;
-        b = bar->border.color.blue;
-        a = bar->border.color.alpha;
-
-        cairo_set_line_width(bar->cairo, bar->border.width);
-        cairo_set_source_rgba(bar->cairo, r, g, b, a);
-        cairo_set_operator(bar->cairo, CAIRO_OPERATOR_OVER);
-        cairo_rectangle(
-            bar->cairo,
-            bar->border.width / 2.0,
-            bar->border.width / 2.0,
-            bar->width - bar->border.width,
-            bar->height_with_border - bar->border.width);
-        cairo_stroke(bar->cairo);
+        pixman_image_fill_rectangles(
+            PIXMAN_OP_OVER, pix, &bar->border.color, 4,
+            (pixman_rectangle16_t[]){
+                {0, 0, bar->width, bar->border.width},
+                {0, 0, bar->border.width, bar->height},
+                {bar->width - bar->border.width, 0, bar->border.width, bar->height},
+                {0, bar->height - bar->border.width, bar->width, bar->border.width},
+            });
     }
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < bar->left.count; i++) {
@@ -127,14 +115,14 @@ expose(const struct bar *_bar)
     int x = bar->border.width + bar->left_margin - bar->left_spacing;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < bar->left.count; i++) {
         const struct exposable *e = bar->left.exps[i];
-        e->expose(e, bar->cairo, x + bar->left_spacing, y, bar->height);
+        e->expose(e, pix, x + bar->left_spacing, y, bar->height);
         x += bar->left_spacing + e->width + bar->right_spacing;
     }
 
     x = bar->width / 2 - center_width / 2 - bar->left_spacing;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < bar->center.count; i++) {
         const struct exposable *e = bar->center.exps[i];
-        e->expose(e, bar->cairo, x + bar->left_spacing, y, bar->height);
+        e->expose(e, pix, x + bar->left_spacing, y, bar->height);
         x += bar->left_spacing + e->width + bar->right_spacing;
     }
 
@@ -146,12 +134,11 @@ expose(const struct bar *_bar)
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < bar->right.count; i++) {
         const struct exposable *e = bar->right.exps[i];
-        e->expose(e, bar->cairo, x + bar->left_spacing, y, bar->height);
+        e->expose(e, pix, x + bar->left_spacing, y, bar->height);
         x += bar->left_spacing + e->width + bar->right_spacing;
     }
 
-    cairo_surface_flush(bar->cairo_surface);
-    bar->backend.iface->commit_surface(_bar);
+    bar->backend.iface->commit_pixman(_bar, pix);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/bar/bar.h b/bar/bar.h
index 108a972..78e2414 100644
--- a/bar/bar.h
+++ b/bar/bar.h
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ struct bar_config {
     int left_spacing, right_spacing;
     int left_margin, right_margin;
 
-    struct rgba background;
+    pixman_color_t background;
 
     struct {
         int width;
-        struct rgba color;
+        pixman_color_t color;
         int left_margin, right_margin;
         int top_margin, bottom_margin;
     } border;
diff --git a/bar/private.h b/bar/private.h
index 0f86e86..c41d4a7 100644
--- a/bar/private.h
+++ b/bar/private.h
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ struct private {
     int left_spacing, right_spacing;
     int left_margin, right_margin;
 
-    struct rgba background;
+    pixman_color_t background;
 
     struct {
         int width;
-        struct rgba color;
+        pixman_color_t color;
         int left_margin, right_margin;
         int top_margin, bottom_margin;
     } border;
diff --git a/bar/wayland.c b/bar/wayland.c
index f53bce4..4e65bf2 100644
--- a/bar/wayland.c
+++ b/bar/wayland.c
@@ -901,12 +901,31 @@ frame_callback(void *data, struct wl_callback *wl_callback, uint32_t callback_da
         ;//printf("nothing more to do\n");
 }
 
+static pixman_image_t *
+get_pixman_image(const struct bar *_bar)
+{
+    struct private *bar = _bar->private;
+
+    cairo_surface_t *surf = cairo_get_target(bar->cairo);
+    cairo_surface_flush(surf);
+
+    return pixman_image_create_bits_no_clear(
+        PIXMAN_a8r8g8b8,
+        cairo_image_surface_get_width(surf),
+        cairo_image_surface_get_height(surf),
+        (uint32_t *)cairo_image_surface_get_data(surf),
+        cairo_image_surface_get_stride(surf));
+}
+
 static void
-commit_surface(const struct bar *_bar)
+commit_pixman(const struct bar *_bar, pixman_image_t *pix)
 {
     struct private *bar = _bar->private;
     struct wayland_backend *backend = bar->backend.data;
 
+    pixman_image_unref(pix);
+    cairo_surface_mark_dirty(cairo_get_target(bar->cairo));
+
     //printf("commit: %dxl%d\n", backend->width, backend->height);
 
     assert(backend->next_buffer != NULL);
@@ -973,7 +992,8 @@ const struct backend wayland_backend_iface = {
     .setup = &setup,
     .cleanup = &cleanup,
     .loop = &loop,
-    .commit_surface = &commit_surface,
+    .get_pixman_image = &get_pixman_image,
+    .commit_pixman = &commit_pixman,
     .refresh = &refresh,
     .set_cursor = &set_cursor,
 };
diff --git a/bar/xcb.c b/bar/xcb.c
index f2dcd3c..3b71d27 100644
--- a/bar/xcb.c
+++ b/bar/xcb.c
@@ -370,10 +370,56 @@ loop(struct bar *_bar,
 }
 
 static void
-commit_surface(const struct bar *_bar)
+free_pixman_bits(pixman_image_t *pix, void *data)
+{
+    free(data);
+}
+
+static pixman_image_t *
+get_pixman_image(const struct bar *_bar)
+{
+    const struct private *bar = _bar->private;
+    uint32_t *bits = malloc(
+        bar->width * bar->height_with_border * sizeof(uint32_t));
+
+    pixman_image_t *ret = pixman_image_create_bits_no_clear(
+        PIXMAN_a8r8g8b8,
+        bar->width,
+        bar->height_with_border,
+        bits,
+        bar->width * sizeof(uint32_t));
+
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        free(bits);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    pixman_image_set_destroy_function(ret, &free_pixman_bits, bits);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static void
+commit_pixman(const struct bar *_bar, pixman_image_t *pix)
 {
     const struct private *bar = _bar->private;
     const struct xcb_backend *backend = bar->backend.data;
+
+    /* Blit pixman image to our XCB surface */
+    cairo_surface_t *surf = cairo_image_surface_create_for_data(
+        (unsigned char *)pixman_image_get_data(pix),
+        CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32,
+        bar->width,
+        bar->height_with_border,
+        cairo_format_stride_for_width(CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, bar->width));
+
+    cairo_set_source_surface(bar->cairo, surf, 0, 0);
+    cairo_set_operator(bar->cairo, CAIRO_OPERATOR_SOURCE);
+    cairo_paint(bar->cairo);
+
+    cairo_surface_flush(bar->cairo_surface);
+    cairo_surface_destroy(surf);
+    pixman_image_unref(pix);
+
     xcb_copy_area(backend->conn, backend->pixmap, backend->win, backend->gc,
                   0, 0, 0, 0, bar->width, bar->height_with_border);
     xcb_flush(backend->conn);
@@ -430,7 +476,8 @@ const struct backend xcb_backend_iface = {
     .setup = &setup,
     .cleanup = &cleanup,
     .loop = &loop,
-    .commit_surface = &commit_surface,
+    .get_pixman_image = &get_pixman_image,
+    .commit_pixman = &commit_pixman,
     .refresh = &refresh,
     .set_cursor = &set_cursor,
 };
diff --git a/config.c b/config.c
index 01a985d..7a885dc 100644
--- a/config.c
+++ b/config.c
@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@
 #include "module.h"
 #include "plugin.h"
 
+#define LOG_MODULE "config"
+#define LOG_ENABLE_DBG 0
+#include "log.h"
+
 static uint8_t
 hex_nibble(char hex)
 {
@@ -36,7 +40,7 @@ hex_byte(const char hex[2])
     return upper << 4 | lower;
 }
 
-struct rgba
+pixman_color_t
 conf_to_color(const struct yml_node *node)
 {
     const char *hex = yml_value_as_string(node);
@@ -44,30 +48,26 @@ conf_to_color(const struct yml_node *node)
     assert(hex != NULL);
     assert(strlen(hex) == 8);
 
-    uint8_t red = hex_byte(&hex[0]);
-    uint8_t green = hex_byte(&hex[2]);
-    uint8_t blue = hex_byte(&hex[4]);
-    uint8_t alpha = hex_byte(&hex[6]);
+    uint16_t red = hex_byte(&hex[0]);
+    uint16_t green = hex_byte(&hex[2]);
+    uint16_t blue = hex_byte(&hex[4]);
+    uint16_t alpha = hex_byte(&hex[6]);
 
-    struct rgba rgba = {
-        (double)red / 255.0,
-        (double)green / 255.0,
-        (double)blue / 255.0,
-        (double)alpha / 255.0
+    alpha |= alpha << 8;
+    int alpha_div = 0xffff / alpha;
+
+    return (pixman_color_t){
+        .red =   (red << 8 | red) / alpha_div,
+        .green = (green << 8 | green) / alpha_div,
+        .blue =  (blue << 8 | blue) / alpha_div,
+        .alpha = alpha,
     };
-
-    assert(rgba.red >= 0.0 && rgba.red <= 1.0);
-    assert(rgba.green >= 0.0 && rgba.green <= 1.0);
-    assert(rgba.blue >= 0.0 && rgba.blue <= 1.0);
-    assert(rgba.alpha >= 0.0 && rgba.alpha <= 1.0);
-
-    return rgba;
 }
 
 struct font *
 conf_to_font(const struct yml_node *node)
 {
-    return font_from_name(yml_value_as_string(node));;
+    return font_from_name(yml_value_as_string(node));
 }
 
 struct deco *
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ conf_to_particle(const struct yml_node *node, struct conf_inherit inherited)
      */
     struct font *font = font_node != NULL
         ? conf_to_font(font_node) : font_clone(inherited.font);
-    struct rgba foreground = foreground_node != NULL
+    pixman_color_t foreground = foreground_node != NULL
         ? conf_to_color(foreground_node) : inherited.foreground;
 
     /* Instantiate base/common particle */
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ conf_to_bar(const struct yml_node *bar, enum bar_backend backend)
      * foreground color at top-level.
      */
     struct font *font = font_from_name("sans");
-    struct rgba foreground = (struct rgba){1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0}; /* White */
+    pixman_color_t foreground = {0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff}; /* White */
 
     const struct yml_node *font_node = yml_get_value(bar, "font");
     if (font_node != NULL) {
diff --git a/config.h b/config.h
index a909c60..28e3f5a 100644
--- a/config.h
+++ b/config.h
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ struct bar *conf_to_bar(const struct yml_node *bar, enum bar_backend backend);
  * Utility functions, for e.g. modules
  */
 
-struct rgba conf_to_color(const struct yml_node *node);
+pixman_color_t conf_to_color(const struct yml_node *node);
 struct font *conf_to_font(const struct yml_node *node);
 
 struct conf_inherit {
     const struct font *font;
-    struct rgba foreground;
+    pixman_color_t foreground;
 };
 
 struct particle *conf_to_particle(
diff --git a/decoration.h b/decoration.h
index 78f2f05..efb79e2 100644
--- a/decoration.h
+++ b/decoration.h
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <cairo.h>
+#include <pixman.h>
 
 struct deco {
     void *private;
-    void (*expose)(const struct deco *deco, cairo_t *cr,
+    void (*expose)(const struct deco *deco, pixman_image_t *pix,
                    int x, int y, int width, int height);
     void (*destroy)(struct deco *deco);
 };
diff --git a/decorations/background.c b/decorations/background.c
index ef7b12b..b3b9ed2 100644
--- a/decorations/background.c
+++ b/decorations/background.c
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 #include "../plugin.h"
 
 struct private {
-    struct rgba color;
+    //struct rgba color;
+    pixman_color_t color;
 };
 
 static void
@@ -18,17 +19,16 @@ destroy(struct deco *deco)
 }
 
 static void
-expose(const struct deco *deco, cairo_t *cr, int x, int y, int width, int height)
+expose(const struct deco *deco, pixman_image_t *pix, int x, int y, int width, int height)
 {
     const struct private *d = deco->private;
-    cairo_set_source_rgba(
-        cr, d->color.red, d->color.green, d->color.blue, d->color.alpha);
-    cairo_rectangle(cr, x, y, width, height);
-    cairo_fill(cr);
+    pixman_image_fill_rectangles(
+        PIXMAN_OP_OVER, pix, &d->color, 1,
+        &(pixman_rectangle16_t){x, y, width, height});
 }
 
 static struct deco *
-background_new(struct rgba color)
+background_new(pixman_color_t color)
 {
     struct private *priv = calloc(1, sizeof(*priv));
     priv->color = color;
diff --git a/decorations/meson.build b/decorations/meson.build
index 1b6daee..f96c80b 100644
--- a/decorations/meson.build
+++ b/decorations/meson.build
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-deco_sdk = declare_dependency(dependencies: [cairo, cairo_ft])
+deco_sdk = declare_dependency(dependencies: [pixman])
 
 decorations = []
 foreach deco : ['background', 'stack', 'underline']
diff --git a/decorations/stack.c b/decorations/stack.c
index 3ffaab5..16c58ee 100644
--- a/decorations/stack.c
+++ b/decorations/stack.c
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ destroy(struct deco *deco)
 }
 
 static void
-expose(const struct deco *deco, cairo_t *cr, int x, int y, int width, int height)
+expose(const struct deco *deco, pixman_image_t *pix, int x, int y, int width, int height)
 {
     const struct private *d = deco->private;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < d->count; i++)
-        d->decos[i]->expose(d->decos[i], cr, x, y, width, height);
+        d->decos[i]->expose(d->decos[i], pix, x, y, width, height);
 }
 
 static struct deco *
diff --git a/decorations/underline.c b/decorations/underline.c
index 996d54a..a700bec 100644
--- a/decorations/underline.c
+++ b/decorations/underline.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 struct private {
     int size;
-    struct rgba color;
+    pixman_color_t color;
 };
 
 static void
@@ -19,17 +19,16 @@ destroy(struct deco *deco)
 }
 
 static void
-expose(const struct deco *deco, cairo_t *cr, int x, int y, int width, int height)
+expose(const struct deco *deco, pixman_image_t *pix, int x, int y, int width, int height)
 {
     const struct private *d = deco->private;
-    cairo_set_source_rgba(
-        cr, d->color.red, d->color.green, d->color.blue, d->color.alpha);
-    cairo_rectangle(cr, x, y + height - d->size, width, d->size);
-    cairo_fill(cr);
+    pixman_image_fill_rectangles(
+        PIXMAN_OP_OVER, pix, &d->color, 1,
+        &(pixman_rectangle16_t){x, y + height - d->size, width, d->size});
 }
 
 static struct deco *
-underline_new(int size, struct rgba color)
+underline_new(int size, pixman_color_t color)
 {
     struct private *priv = calloc(1, sizeof(*priv));
     priv->size = size;
diff --git a/modules/meson.build b/modules/meson.build
index b156e18..5986c51 100644
--- a/modules/meson.build
+++ b/modules/meson.build
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-module_sdk = declare_dependency(dependencies: [cairo, cairo_ft, threads])
+module_sdk = declare_dependency(dependencies: [pixman, threads])
 
 modules = []
 
diff --git a/particle.c b/particle.c
index c6e69ad..5c116bb 100644
--- a/particle.c
+++ b/particle.c
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ particle_default_destroy(struct particle *particle)
 struct particle *
 particle_common_new(int left_margin, int right_margin,
                     const char *on_click_template,
-                    struct font *font, struct rgba foreground,
+                    struct font *font, pixman_color_t foreground,
                     struct deco *deco)
 {
     struct particle *p = calloc(1, sizeof(*p));
@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ exposable_default_destroy(struct exposable *exposable)
 
 void
 exposable_render_deco(const struct exposable *exposable,
-                      cairo_t *cr, int x, int y, int height)
+                      pixman_image_t *pix, int x, int y, int height)
 {
     const struct deco *deco = exposable->particle->deco;
     if (deco != NULL)
-        deco->expose(deco, cr, x, y, exposable->width, height);
+        deco->expose(deco, pix, x, y, exposable->width, height);
 
 }
 
diff --git a/particle.h b/particle.h
index 210530f..789fd87 100644
--- a/particle.h
+++ b/particle.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
-#include <cairo.h>
+#include <pixman.h>
 
 #include "color.h"
 #include "decoration.h"
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ struct particle {
     int left_margin, right_margin;
     char *on_click_template;
 
-    struct rgba foreground;
+    pixman_color_t foreground;
     struct font *font;
     struct deco *deco;
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ struct exposable {
 
     void (*destroy)(struct exposable *exposable);
     int (*begin_expose)(struct exposable *exposable);
-    void (*expose)(const struct exposable *exposable, cairo_t *cr,
+    void (*expose)(const struct exposable *exposable, pixman_image_t *pix,
                    int x, int y, int height);
 
     void (*on_mouse)(struct exposable *exposable, struct bar *bar,
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ struct exposable {
 
 struct particle *particle_common_new(
     int left_margin, int right_margin, const char *on_click_template,
-    struct font *font, struct rgba foreground, struct deco *deco);
+    struct font *font, pixman_color_t foreground, struct deco *deco);
 
 void particle_default_destroy(struct particle *particle);
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ struct exposable *exposable_common_new(
     const struct particle *particle, const char *on_click);
 void exposable_default_destroy(struct exposable *exposable);
 void exposable_render_deco(
-    const struct exposable *exposable, cairo_t *cr, int x, int y, int height);
+    const struct exposable *exposable, pixman_image_t *pix, int x, int y, int height);
 
 void exposable_default_on_mouse(
     struct exposable *exposable, struct bar *bar,
diff --git a/particles/dynlist.c b/particles/dynlist.c
index e6a3636..c04d610 100644
--- a/particles/dynlist.c
+++ b/particles/dynlist.c
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ dynlist_begin_expose(struct exposable *exposable)
 }
 
 static void
-dynlist_expose(const struct exposable *exposable, cairo_t *cr, int x, int y, int height)
+dynlist_expose(const struct exposable *exposable, pixman_image_t *pix, int x, int y, int height)
 {
     const struct private *e = exposable->private;
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ dynlist_expose(const struct exposable *exposable, cairo_t *cr, int x, int y, int
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < e->count; i++) {
         const struct exposable *ee = e->exposables[i];
-        ee->expose(ee, cr, x + left_spacing, y, height);
+        ee->expose(ee, pix, x + left_spacing, y, height);
         x += left_spacing + e->widths[i] + right_spacing;
     }
 }
diff --git a/particles/empty.c b/particles/empty.c
index 8b0cb39..e97f929 100644
--- a/particles/empty.c
+++ b/particles/empty.c
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ begin_expose(struct exposable *exposable)
 }
 
 static void
-expose(const struct exposable *exposable, cairo_t *cr, int x, int y, int height)
+expose(const struct exposable *exposable, pixman_image_t *pix, int x, int y, int height)
 {
-    exposable_render_deco(exposable, cr, x, y, height);
+    exposable_render_deco(exposable, pix, x, y, height);
 }
 
 static struct exposable *
diff --git a/particles/list.c b/particles/list.c
index a47c468..720e8a5 100644
--- a/particles/list.c
+++ b/particles/list.c
@@ -55,11 +55,11 @@ begin_expose(struct exposable *exposable)
 }
 
 static void
-expose(const struct exposable *exposable, cairo_t *cr, int x, int y, int height)
+expose(const struct exposable *exposable, pixman_image_t *pix, int x, int y, int height)
 {
     const struct eprivate *e = exposable->private;
 
-    exposable_render_deco(exposable, cr, x, y, height);
+    exposable_render_deco(exposable, pix, x, y, height);
 
     int left_margin = exposable->particle->left_margin;
     int left_spacing = e->left_spacing;
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ expose(const struct exposable *exposable, cairo_t *cr, int x, int y, int height)
     x += left_margin - left_spacing;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < e->count; i++) {
         const struct exposable *ee = e->exposables[i];
-        ee->expose(ee, cr, x + left_spacing, y, height);
+        ee->expose(ee, pix, x + left_spacing, y, height);
         x += left_spacing + e->widths[i] + right_spacing;
     }
 }
diff --git a/particles/map.c b/particles/map.c
index a8895cb..2f5c460 100644
--- a/particles/map.c
+++ b/particles/map.c
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ begin_expose(struct exposable *exposable)
 }
 
 static void
-expose(const struct exposable *exposable, cairo_t *cr, int x, int y, int height)
+expose(const struct exposable *exposable, pixman_image_t *pix, int x, int y, int height)
 {
     struct eprivate *e = exposable->private;
 
-    exposable_render_deco(exposable, cr, x, y, height);
+    exposable_render_deco(exposable, pix, x, y, height);
     e->exposable->expose(
-        e->exposable, cr, x + exposable->particle->left_margin, y, height);
+        e->exposable, pix, x + exposable->particle->left_margin, y, height);
 }
 
 static void
diff --git a/particles/meson.build b/particles/meson.build
index 2b867c8..837e418 100644
--- a/particles/meson.build
+++ b/particles/meson.build
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-particle_sdk = declare_dependency(dependencies: [cairo, cairo_ft])
+particle_sdk = declare_dependency(dependencies: [freetype, fontconfig, pixman])
 
 particles = []
 foreach particle : ['empty', 'list', 'map', 'progress-bar', 'ramp', 'string']
diff --git a/particles/progress-bar.c b/particles/progress-bar.c
index 762178e..e4e1715 100644
--- a/particles/progress-bar.c
+++ b/particles/progress-bar.c
@@ -70,15 +70,15 @@ begin_expose(struct exposable *exposable)
 }
 
 static void
-expose(const struct exposable *exposable, cairo_t *cr, int x, int y, int height)
+expose(const struct exposable *exposable, pixman_image_t *pix, int x, int y, int height)
 {
     const struct eprivate *e = exposable->private;
 
-    exposable_render_deco(exposable, cr, x, y, height);
+    exposable_render_deco(exposable, pix, x, y, height);
 
     x += exposable->particle->left_margin;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < e->count; i++) {
-        e->exposables[i]->expose(e->exposables[i], cr, x, y, height);
+        e->exposables[i]->expose(e->exposables[i], pix, x, y, height);
         x += e->exposables[i]->width;
     }
 }
diff --git a/particles/ramp.c b/particles/ramp.c
index 1f8ef11..b513681 100644
--- a/particles/ramp.c
+++ b/particles/ramp.c
@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@ begin_expose(struct exposable *exposable)
 }
 
 static void
-expose(const struct exposable *exposable, cairo_t *cr, int x, int y, int height)
+expose(const struct exposable *exposable, pixman_image_t *pix, int x, int y, int height)
 {
     struct eprivate *e = exposable->private;
 
-    exposable_render_deco(exposable, cr, x, y, height);
+    exposable_render_deco(exposable, pix, x, y, height);
     e->exposable->expose(
-        e->exposable, cr, x + exposable->particle->left_margin, y, height);
+        e->exposable, pix, x + exposable->particle->left_margin, y, height);
 }
 
 static void
diff --git a/particles/string.c b/particles/string.c
index 3ff0aa7..ec1fcdd 100644
--- a/particles/string.c
+++ b/particles/string.c
@@ -70,22 +70,10 @@ begin_expose(struct exposable *exposable)
     return exposable->width;
 }
 
-static inline pixman_color_t
-color_hex_to_pixman_with_alpha(uint32_t color, uint16_t alpha)
-{
-    int alpha_div = 0xffff / alpha;
-    return (pixman_color_t){
-        .red =   ((color >> 16 & 0xff) | (color >> 8 & 0xff00)) / alpha_div,
-        .green = ((color >>  8 & 0xff) | (color >> 0 & 0xff00)) / alpha_div,
-        .blue =  ((color >>  0 & 0xff) | (color << 8 & 0xff00)) / alpha_div,
-        .alpha = alpha,
-    };
-}
-
 static void
-expose(const struct exposable *exposable, cairo_t *cr, int x, int y, int height)
+expose(const struct exposable *exposable, pixman_image_t *pix, int x, int y, int height)
 {
-    exposable_render_deco(exposable, cr, x, y, height);
+    exposable_render_deco(exposable, pix, x, y, height);
 
     const struct eprivate *e = exposable->private;
     const struct font *font = exposable->particle->font;
@@ -112,24 +100,6 @@ expose(const struct exposable *exposable, cairo_t *cr, int x, int y, int height)
         (double)(height + font->fextents.ascent + font->fextents.descent) / 2.0 -
         (font->fextents.descent > 0 ? font->fextents.descent : 0);
 
-    /* TODO: get rid of cairo?... */
-    cairo_surface_t *surf = cairo_get_target(cr);
-    cairo_surface_flush(surf);
-
-    pixman_image_t *pix = pixman_image_create_bits_no_clear(
-        PIXMAN_a8r8g8b8,
-        cairo_image_surface_get_width(surf),
-        cairo_image_surface_get_height(surf),
-        (uint32_t *)cairo_image_surface_get_data(surf),
-        cairo_image_surface_get_stride(surf));
-
-    uint32_t hex_color =
-        (uint32_t)(uint8_t)(exposable->particle->foreground.red * 255) << 16 |
-        (uint32_t)(uint8_t)(exposable->particle->foreground.green * 255) << 8 |
-        (uint32_t)(uint8_t)(exposable->particle->foreground.blue * 255) << 0;
-    uint16_t alpha = exposable->particle->foreground.alpha * 65535;
-    pixman_color_t fg = color_hex_to_pixman_with_alpha(hex_color, alpha);
-
     x += exposable->particle->left_margin;
 
     /* Loop glyphs and render them, one by one */
@@ -145,7 +115,7 @@ expose(const struct exposable *exposable, cairo_t *cr, int x, int y, int height)
                 glyph->width, glyph->height);
         } else {
             /* Glyph surface is an alpha mask */
-            pixman_image_t *src = pixman_image_create_solid_fill(&fg);
+            pixman_image_t *src = pixman_image_create_solid_fill(&exposable->particle->foreground);
             pixman_image_composite32(
                 PIXMAN_OP_OVER, src, glyph->pix, pix, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                 x + glyph->x, baseline - glyph->y,
@@ -155,9 +125,6 @@ expose(const struct exposable *exposable, cairo_t *cr, int x, int y, int height)
 
         x += glyph->x_advance;
     }
-
-    pixman_image_unref(pix);
-    cairo_surface_mark_dirty(surf);
 }
 
 static struct exposable *